大型上单翼飞机机翼三维全场变形测量方案

针对大型上单翼飞机在飞行过程中机翼大挠度变形检测难题,提出了大倾角相机视场下机翼的非接触三维全场变形测量方案。根据上单翼飞机结构特点,将预先标定内参数和相机外参数的共轭相机组安装于飞机垂直尾翼上,采集飞行中的机翼变形图像。首先,提出了大倾角弱相关散斑匹配方法,解决了相机在大倾斜角度状态下采集到的机翼变形弱相关图像相关性差,难以相关匹配的问题。其次,由于测量相机安装于垂直尾翼,飞行测量过程中相机会受到气流扰动产生振动,本文提出了一种相机动态校正方法,通过在机背布置预拉伸刚性不动编码标志点,实时解算基准相机的绝对外参数,进而确定共轭相机的绝对外参数,实现所有测量相机外参数的动态校正。最后,开发了机翼变形全场测量软硬件系统,搭建了缩小比例机翼模型试验台并进行了仿真测量,对系统测量精度进行了比对分析。测量结果验证了本方案的有效性、可行性,对实机测量有一定的指导意义。     

一种高精度小型化星敏感器设计

星敏感器是以恒星为参照系,以星空为工作对象的高精度空间姿态测量装置,提供准确的空间方位和基准,具有高精度、无漂移、工作寿命长等特点.针对星敏感器高精度和小体积的应用需求,基于小型化镜头设计、分体式结构、高集成度电路、"FP GA+ARM"软件等内容,提出了一种高精度小型化星敏感器,解决了狭小空间高度集成的小型化问题,实现了测姿0.6″(3σ)的高精度预期目标.星敏感器样机通过了试验考核,性能符合设计要求,具备全天球搜索恒星定姿的能力.     

基于光学测角数据的风云四号同步轨道卫星精密定轨

针对风云四号同步卫星的精密定轨和精度评估需求，首先利用地面光学测角数据对FY-4A卫星进行精密定轨，定轨后方位角和高度角的残差rms分别为0.25＂和0.45＂。与基于测距数据的轨道相比，位置精度在有测角数据的弧段内小于50m。进一步联合测角数据和测距数据对FY-4A卫星进行联合定轨，定轨后轨道重叠精度优于15m。利用联合定轨结果评估了基于测距数据的实时轨道产品精度，可以明显发现轨道精度随着测距数据的积累而逐步提高。     

Substitution of satellite-based land surface temperature defective data using GSP method

Land surface temperature (LST) as an important environmental variable provides valuable information for earth environmental system modelling. Currently, LST is obtained through satellite thermal sensors at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Although spatially continuous satellite-based LST measurements are intended to overcome the shortcomings of sparse ground-based LST measurements, LST images often contain anomalous values due to the existence of clouds or sensor malfunctioning. The problem becomes more serious where the users deal with high spatial resolution characterized by low temporal resolution. This study examines the capability of a newly developed graph signal processing (GSP) method using two-dimensional single-date thermal data. For this purpose, four Landsat/TIRS datasets are analyzed. The data of five elliptical regions on thermal images are eliminated and then reconstructed through the GSP method and using the LST values of the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids. The results indicate that the temperature variation determined by the GSP method generally conforms to the original image LST values. According to a correlation test conducted on the original image LST and those obtained through the GSP method, the values vary from 58% to 95%, which is an above-the-average rate (RMSE from 0.69 to 2.27). The statistical analysis of the original image LST in both the elliptical regions and the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids indicates that an increase in the variance of LST data causes an increased error in the calculation of temperature by the GSP method, and vice versa. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test indicated that an increase in the number of the non-zero spectral bins would result in increased RMSE values for all the dates and the regions. Moreover, the model errors were significant at the 0.05 level across all the image date and five elliptical study regions. Based on the results, the use of this method is recommended for the reconstruction of LST missing values, where dissimilarity of atmospheric conditions limits the use of other methods that depend on the time series data of various dates and a great deal of data calculation.     

飞机V型外倾双垂尾载荷校准技术

根据垂尾载荷校准及建模需求,对飞机V型外倾双垂尾结构受载情况进行了分析和简化,确定了校准试验载荷,研制了垂尾载荷校准试验专用龙门梁架。采用液压协调加载技术,完成了外倾双垂尾载荷校准试验,建立了满足测载要求的载荷模型。此种方法充分利用了左右垂尾外倾、双垂尾之间空间较大的特点,对左右垂尾对称施加向外的单点、多点载荷,加载载荷侧向分量左右自平衡,垂向分量依靠飞机自身重量即可平衡,飞机不需要复杂的固定与约束。试验中采用先搭建龙门框架,再停放飞机的方法,降低了试验风险、加快了试验进度,取得了良好的试验结果,对其他此类结构的载荷校准具有一定的借鉴作用。     

飞机变形自动化测量方法研究

为解决以往飞机变形测量模式中人工干预较多,受测量环境影响较大,测量时间长等问题,基于Geo COM技术和RS232,在计算机与全站仪之间进行数据交换,设计了一套自动化测量系统。在测量过程中由标志点的机体理论坐标反算其在当前测站中的极坐标,从而在测量过程中驱动全站仪指向待测点,减少人工瞄准时间,并由计算机实时解算结果数据。经实际飞行试验验证表明,测量时间缩短为原来时间一半,大大提高了工作效率。     

一种高灵敏度的电动舵机系统研究

本文研究了一种基于单片机的高灵敏、分体式小型电动舵机系统。首先分析了电动舵机的组成与功能，并分别从舵机结构、控制算法两方面对舵机系统的性能设计进行了分析和阐述。针对舵机高灵敏度的性能要求，对控制算法进行了优化并进行了相应仿真。最后经过试验验证，电动舵机满足了高灵敏度的指标要求，验证了控制算法的正确性。     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

耐高液（气）压部附件测试系统的开发

飞机上耐高液（气）压部附件易发生泄漏破损等问题，对飞机的安全运行至关重要。本文开发了一种测试系统，以气体和液体为介质，以飞机蓄压器为例，通过压力检查、泄露测试、摩擦阻力测试，检测待测部件是否合格。检测结果证明，该测试系统可作为飞机机械系统耐高液（气）压部附件检测的一种参考方法。     

G-16EP通用航空电瓶充放电及寿命研究

为了对G-16EP型电瓶进行维护和保养，根据电瓶厂家规定和适航规范，总结了该型电瓶的充电和容量测试（放电）方法，指出了影响电瓶寿命的主要因素，为该型号电瓶的维护提供了参考。